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! ! ! Candide - Voltaire (Unabridged) ! ! !

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Audio Books : Literary : MP3/64Kbps : English





Artist: Tom Whitworth

Book: Candide (1759), by Voltaire (1694–1778)

Date: 1991







Candide, ou l'Optimisme (1759) is a French satire by the Enlightenment philosopher Voltaire, English translations of
which have been titled Candide: Or, All for the Best (1759); Candide: Or, The Optimist (1762); and Candide: Or, Optimism
(1947). 



The novella begins with a young man, Candide, who is living a sheltered life in an Edenic paradise and being
indoctrinated with Leibnizian optimism (or simply optimism) by his tutor, Pangloss. The work describes the abrupt
cessation of this existence, followed by Candide's slow, painful disillusionment as he witnesses and experiences great
hardships in the world. Voltaire concludes with Candide, if not outright rejecting optimism, advocating an enigmatic
precept, "we must cultivate our garden", in lieu of the Leibnizian mantra of Pangloss, "all is for the
best in the best of all possible worlds".



Candide is known for its sarcastic tone and its erratic, fantastical, and fast-moving plot. With a story similar to that
of a more serious bildungsroman or picaresque novel, it parodies many adventure and romance clichés, the
struggles of which are caricatured in a tone that is mordantly matter-of-fact. Still, the events discussed are often
based on historical happenings, such as the Seven Years' War and the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. 



As philosophers of Voltaire's day contended with the problem of evil, so too does Candide in this short novel, albeit
more directly and humorously. Voltaire ridicules religion, theologians, governments, armies, philosophies, and
philosophers through allegory; most conspicuously, he assaults Leibniz and his optimism.



As expected by Voltaire, Candide has enjoyed both great success and great scandal. Immediately after its secretive
publication, the book was widely banned because it contained religious blasphemy (even Richard Dawkins would not have
gone this far!), political sedition and intellectual hostility hidden under a thin veil of naïveté. However,
with its sharp wit and insightful portrayal of the human condition, the novel has since inspired many later authors and
artists to mimic and adapt it; most notably, Leonard Bernstein produced a 1956 comic operetta whose libretto is closely
based on the novella.



Today, Candide is recognised as Voltaire's magnum opus and is often listed as part of the Western canon; it is likely
taught more than any other work of French literature.





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